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Only 10 countries carried almost all patents in the ocean




A specialist in genomics, Science Park of La Cartuja in Seville. if you want marine waters courts. "These statistics are drawn from a study involving researchers from the CSIC, which publishes the journal Science.

The article, coordinated by a researcher at the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea , reflects the need to develop an international framework to ensure a "ethical and equitable access" to marine genetic resources, "especially in international waters, which account for 65% of the ocean surface.

As indicated by the CSIC, main reason for this imbalance is access to the technology, both for marine exploration to exploitation genetic resources. Only 31 of the 194 countries of the world have applied for patents on genes sea. "The data show that should be encouraged countries that have no access to these technologies to develop these capabilities," said one of the authors of the study, Jesus Maria Arrieta, CSIC researcher at the Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Study.

also propose the creation of a patent pool of marine organisms taken in international waters, in your opinion, should be controlled by an international agency that also regulate the distribution of benefits.

The study published "Science" is included in "Malaspina 2010", an interdisciplinary project led by the CSIC.

"pioneering exploration of genomic diversity of the ocean that are taking place in 'Malaspina' throw the discovery of millions of new genes. The framework of Wild West in a few countries which are appropriated through patents, biological resources of the ocean does not seem ethical or acceptable. Do not want to operate with rules of the game that does not seem ethical, "said Carlos Duarte CSIC scientist, one of the authors of this paper.

Heritage

So scientists urge that these resources be proclaimed marine Common Heritage of Mankind, a recognition that they do have the mineral resources of the ocean.
Both the protection of biodiversity as the ownership of biological resources within the territorial waters of each country are defined in the Convention on Biological Diversity, but outside the territorial waters there is no universally accepted legal framework.

In October 2010, the Conference on Biological Diversity United Nations, held in the Japanese city of Nagoya, laid the groundwork for establishing a protocol to improve access to marine genetic resources and the benefits generated from its use.

Despite this progress, the CSIC regrets that no agreement was reached because "there are countries in favor of protecting these resources and others prefer to maintain the 'self exploitation'."

addition, CSIC considered "difficult" to define what species it belongs to each country, "because it involves setting a property on something moving inside and outside territorial waters."